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Hanger tal-ajruplani

Feb 11, 2022Ħalli messaġġ

A hangar is a closed building structure to hold ajruplani or vettura spazjali. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish haimgard ("home-enclosure", "fence around a group of houses"), from haim ("home, village, hamlet") and gard ("yard"). gard comes from the Old Norse garðr ("enclosure, garden").

Hangars jintużaw għall-protezzjoni mit-temp, dawl tax-xemx dirett u għall-manutenzjoni, tiswija, manifattura, assemblaġġ u ħażna ta 'inġenji tal-ajru.

Kontenut

Storja 

The Wright Flyer outside the aircraft's makeshift hangar

The aħwa Wright stored and repaired their aircraft in a wooden hangar constructed in 1902 at Joqtlu Devil Hills in North Carolina for their glider. After completing design and construction of the Wright Flyer in Ohio, the brothers returned to Kill Devil Hills only to find their hangar damaged. They repaired the structure and constructed a new workshop while they waited for the Flyer to be shipped.

Carl Richard Nyberg's hangar for his Flugan (fly) from 1908, Täcka udden in Lidingö, l-Isvezja

Carl Richard Nyberg used a hangar to store his 1908 Flugan (fly) in the early 20th century and in 1909, Louis Bleriot crash-landed on a northern French farm in Les Baraques (between Sangatte and Calais) and rolled his monoplan into the farmer's cattle pen. Bleriot was in a race to be the first man to cross the Il-Kanal Ingliż in a itqal-mill--arja aircraft, and he and set up his headquarters in the unused shed. In Britain, the earliest aircraft hangars were known as barrakki tal-ajruplani, and the oldest survivors of these are at Larkhill, Wiltshire. These were built in 1910 for the Bristol School of Flying and are now Grade II Bini elenkati. British aviation pioneer Alliott Verdon Roe built one of the first aeroplane sheds in 1907 at Brooklands, Surrey and full-size replicas of this and the 1908 Roe biplane are on display at Brooklands Museum.

As aviation became established in Britain before World War I, standard designs of hangar gradually appeared with military types too such as the Bessonneau hangar and the side-opening aeroplane shed of 1913, both of which were soon adopted by the Royal Flying Corps. Examples of the latter survive at Farnborough, Filton and Montrose airfields. During World War I, other standard designs included the RFC General Service Flight Shed and the Admiralty F-Type of 1916, the General Service Shed (featuring the characteristic Belfast-irfid roof and built-in various sizes) and the Handley Page aeroplane shed (1918).

Kostruzzjoni 

Kostruzzjoni tal-azzareditja

Sheds built for rigid airships survive at Moffett Field, Kalifornja; Akron, Ohio; Weeksville, North Carolina; Lakehurst, New Jersey; Santa Cruz Air Force Base in Brazil; and Cardington, Bedfordshire. Il-hangars tal-airship riġidi tal-azzar huma wħud mill-akbar fid-dinja.

Hangar 1, Lakehurst, is located at Stazzjon tal-Inġinerija tal-Ajru Navali Lakehurst (formerly Naval Air Station Lakehurst), New Jersey. The structure was completed in 1921 and is typical of airship hangar designs of World War I. The site is best known for the Hindenburg disaster, when on May 6, 1937, the German airship Hindenburg crashed and burned while landing. Hangar No.1 at Lakehurst was used to build and store the American USS Shenandoah. The hangar also provided service and storage for the airships USS Los Angeles, Akron, Macon, as well as the Graf Zeppelin and the Hindenburg.

The largest hangars ever built include the Goodyear Airdock measuring 1,175x325x211 feet1 and Hangar One (Mountain View, Kalifornja) measuring 1,133 ft  308 ft  198 ft (345 m  94 m  60 m). The Goodyear Airdock, is in Akron, Ohio and the structure was completed on November 25, 1929. The Airdock was used for the construction of the USS Akron and her sister ship, the USS Macon.

Hangar Wieħed at Qasam Federali Moffett (formerly Navali Air Station Moffett Field), is located in Mountain View, California. The structure was completed in 1931. It housed the USS Macon.

 

 

Kostruzzjoni tad-drapp 

Main article: CargoLifter

A hangar for Cargolifter was built at Brand-Briesen Airfield 1,180 ft (360 m) long, 705 ft (215 m) wide and 348 ft (106 m) high and is a free standing steel-dome "barrel-bowl" construction large enough to fit the torri Eiffel on its side. The company went into insolvenza and in June 2003, the facilities were sold off and the hangar tal-airship was converted to a 'tropical paradise'-themed indoor holiday resort called Gżejjer Tropikali, li fetaħ fl-2004.

An alternative to the fixed hangar is a portable shelter that can be used for aircraft storage and maintenance. Portable strutturi tad-drapp can be built up to 215 ft (66 m) wide, 100 ft (30 m) high and any length. They are able to accommodate several aircraft and can be increased in size and even relocated when necessary.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa

Strutturi u daqsijiet 

Hangars jeħtieġu strutturi speċjali biex jinbnew. Il-wisa 'tal-bibien għandhom ikunu kbar; dan jinkludi d-daħla tal-inġenju tal-ajru. Iktar ma jkun kbir l-inġenju tal-ajru li jrid jiġi introdott, aktar tkun meħtieġa struttura kumplessa. Skont il-firxa tal-hangar, id-daqsijiet jistgħu jiġu kklassifikati hekk:

DaqsSpan (metri)
SInqas minn 30 m
M30–60 m
L60–90 m
XL90–120 m
XXLAktar minn 120 m

XXL hangars are built for the largest aircraft in the world like the Airbus A380, Boeing 747 and the Antonov 225, li huma l-aktar kumplessi biex tinbena.4

Regolament 

Hangars huma ġeneralment regolati mill-kodiċi tal-bini fil-pajjiżi u ġurisdizzjonijiet u ajruporti fejn joqogħdu. F'Awwissu 2014, l-FAA Amerikana pproponiet leġiżlazzjoni dwar kif hangar jista' jintuża fuq ajruporti li jirċievu finanzjament mill-gvern. Id-definizzjoni tal-attivitajiet permessi kienet tinkludi l-assemblaġġ finali tal-inġenji tal-ajru.5

Hangars ta' airships 

Hangars ta' airships or airship sheds are generally larger than conventional aircraft hangars, particularly in height. Most early airships used idroġenu gas to provide them with sufficient buoyancy for flight, so their hangars had to provide protection from stray sparks to keep the gas from exploding. Hangars that held several airships were at risk from chain-reaction explosions. For this reason, most hangars for hydrogen-based airships were built to house only one or two such craft. During the "Golden Age" of airship travel from 1900, mooring masts and sheds were constructed to build and house airships. The British government built a shed in Karachi for the R101, the Brazilian government built one in Rio de Janeiro, the pt:Hangar do Zeppelin for the German Zeppelins, and the U.S. government constructed Qasam ta' Moffett, Mountain View, California and Stazzjon tal-Ajru Navali ta' Lakehurst, Lakehurst, New Jersey.

Hangars abbord vapuri 

The helicopter hangar of an Akizuki-klassi qerrieda.

Many vapuri tal-gwerra carry aircraft and will often have hangars for storage and maintenance. Such hangars may be situated adjacent to the gverta tat-titjira on cruisers, qerrieda and frejgati or underneath the flight deck with elevaturi to lift the aircraft on trasportaturi tal-ajruplani and vapuri ta' attakk anfibju. Fuq xi bastimenti fejn l-ispazju huwa qasir il-hangar u l-gverta tat-titjira jaqsmu l-istess spazju, bil-hangar jistiva għal operazzjonijiet tat-titjir.

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