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Bini modulari jista' jintuża għal-faċilitajiet fit-tul, temporanji jew permanenti, bħal kampijiet ta' kostruzzjoni, skejjel u klassijiet, djar ċivili u militari, u faċilitajiet industrijali. Bini modulari jintuża f'żoni remoti u rurali fejn il-kostruzzjoni konvenzjonali tista 'ma tkunx raġonevoli jew possibbli, pereżempju, il-miżwed tal-akkomodazzjoni Halley VI użati għal spedizzjoni tal-BAS Antartiku.3 Other uses have included churches, health care facilities, sales and retail offices, fast food restaurants and cruise ship construction. They can also be used in areas that have weather concerns, such as hurricanes. Modular buildings are often used to provide temporary facilities, including toilets and ablutions at events. The portability of the buildings makes them popular with hire companies and clients alike. The use of modular buildings enables events to be held at locations where existing facilities are unavailable, or unable to support the number of event attendees.
Proċess ta' kostruzzjoni
Construction is offsite, using manifattura dgħif techniques to prefabricate single or multi-story buildings in deliverable module sections. Often, modules are based around kontenituri standard ta '20 pied, using the same dimensions, structures, building and stacking/placing techniques, but with smooth (instead of corrugated) walls, glossy white paint, and provisions for windows, power, potable water, sewage lines, telecommunications and air conditioning. Permanent Modular Construction (PMC) buildings are manufactured in a controlled setting and can be constructed of wood, steel, or concrete. Modular components are typically constructed indoors on linji tal-assemblaġġ. Modules' construction may take as little as ten days but more often one to three months. PMC modules can be integrated into site built projects or stand alone and can be delivered with MEP, attrezzaturi u finituri ta 'ġewwa.
Il-binjiet huma 60 fil-mija sa 90 fil-mija kompletati barra mis-sit f'ambjent ikkontrollat mill-fabbrika-, u ttrasportati u mmuntati fis-sit tal-bini finali. Dan jista' jinkludi l-bini kollu jew ikun komponenti jew subassemblaġġi ta' strutturi akbar. F'ħafna każijiet, kuntratturi modulari jaħdmu ma 'kuntratturi ġenerali tradizzjonali biex jisfruttaw ir-riżorsi u l-vantaġġi ta' kull tip ta 'kostruzzjoni. Moduli kompluti huma ttrasportati lejn is-sit tal-bini u mmuntati permezz ta 'krejn.4 Placement of the modules may take from several hours to several days.
Permanent modular buildings are built to meet or exceed the same building codes and standards as site-built structures and the same architect-specified materials used in conventionally constructed buildings are used in kostruzzjoni modulari projects. PMC can have as many stories as building codes allow. Unlike relocatable buildings, PMC structures are intended to remain in one location for the duration of their useful life.
Konsiderazzjonijiet ta' manifattura
The entire process of modular construction places significance on the design stage. This is where practices such as Disinn għall-Manifattura u l-Armar (DfMA) are used to ensure that assembly tolerances are controlled throughout manufacture and assembly on site. It is vital that there is enough allowance in the design to allow the assembly to take up any "slack" or misalignment of components. The use of advanced CAD systems, Stampar 3D and manufacturing control systems are important for modular construction to be successful. This is quite unlike on-site construction where the tradesman can often make the part to suit any particular installation.
Vantaġġi
Bini modulari huwa argumentat li għandu vantaġġi fuq bini konvenzjonali, għal varjetà ta 'raġunijiet.
Veloċità tal-kostruzzjoni/ritorn aktar mgħaġġel fuq l-investiment. Il-kostruzzjoni modulari tippermetti li l-bini u x-xogħol tas-sit jitlestew fl-istess ħin. Skont xi materjali, dan jista 'jnaqqas l-iskeda ta' tlestija ġenerali sa 50 fil-mija. Dan inaqqas ukoll l-ispejjeż tax-xogħol, tal-finanzjament u tas-superviżjoni. Biex tiffranka saħansitra aktar ħin u flus, kważi d-dixxiplini kollha tad-disinn u l-inġinerija huma parti mill-proċess tal-manifattura. Unika wkoll għall-kostruzzjoni modulari hija l-abbiltà li simultanjament jinbnew artijiet, ħitan, soqfa, rafters u soqfa ta 'bini. Waqt il-kostruzzjoni tas-sit-mibnija, il-ħitan ma jistgħux jiġu stabbiliti sakemm l-artijiet ikunu f'pożizzjoni, u soqfa u rafters ma jistgħux jiżdiedu sakemm jinbnew il-ħitan. Min-naħa l-oħra, b'kostruzzjoni modulari, ħitan, artijiet, soqfa, u rafters huma kollha mibnija fl-istess ħin, u mbagħad jinġabru flimkien fl-istess fabbrika biex jiffurmaw bini. Dan il-proċess jista' jippermetti ħinijiet ta' kostruzzjoni modulari ta' nofs dak ta' kostruzzjoni konvenzjonali, stick-mibnija.
Kostruzzjoni fuq ġewwa. L-assemblaġġ huwa indipendenti mit-temp, li jista 'jżid l-effiċjenza tax-xogħol u jevita materjal tal-bini bil-ħsara.
Kapaċità li jservi postijiet remoti. Partikolarment f'pajjiżi fejn is-swieq potenzjali jistgħu jkunu jinsabu 'l bogħod miċ-ċentri industrijali, bħall-Awstralja, jista' jkun hemm spejjeż ferm ogħla biex tinbena sit-dar mibnija f'żona remota jew żona li qed tesperjenza żieda qawwija fil-kostruzzjoni bħall-minjieri bliet. Bini modulari huwa wkoll ta 'benefiċċju biex jipprovdi faċilitajiet mediċi u sanitarji fejn il-ħin, l-ispazju u l-flus huma kwistjoni.5
Skart baxx. Bl-istess pjanijiet li qed jinbnew kontinwament, il-manifattur għandu rekords ta 'eżattament liema kwantità ta' materjali huma meħtieġa għal xogħol partikolari. Bil-konsistenza, il-bennejja jistgħu jiddisinjaw sistemi li jużaw tulijiet komuni ta 'injam, wallboard, eċċ., Maqtugħin oġġetti b'effiċjenza massima, jew ikunu jistgħu jordnaw tulijiet speċjali bl-ingrossa. Filwaqt li skart minn sit-abitazzjoni mibnija jista' tipikament jimla diversi dumpsters kbar, il-kostruzzjoni ta' abitazzjoni modulari tiġġenera ħafna inqas skart. Skont il-grupp tar-Renju Unit WRAP, jista 'jinkiseb sa tnaqqis ta' 90 fil-mija fil-materjali permezz tal-użu ta 'kostruzzjoni modulari. Materjali minimizzati jinkludu: pallets tal-injam, wrap shrink, kartun, plasterboards, injam, konkrit, briks, u siment.6
Proċess ta 'kostruzzjoni li ma jagħmilx ħsara lill-ambjent. Kostruzzjoni modulari tnaqqas l-iskart u t-tfixkil tas-sit meta mqabbla ma' strutturi-mibnija fuq is-sit. L-ambjent ikkontrollat tal-fabbrika jippermetti kostruzzjoni aktar preċiża filwaqt li jippermetti li l-materjali żejda jiġu riċiklati ġewwa-dar.7
Flessibilità. Wieħed jista 'kontinwament iżid ma' bini modulari, inkluż il-ħolqien ta 'żidiet għoljin.8 When the needs change, modular buildings can be disassembled and the modules relocated or refurbished for their next use reducing the demand for raw materials and minimizing the amount of energy expended to create a building to meet the new need. In essence, the entire building can be recycled in some cases.
Kwalità. Combining traditional building techniques, quality manufacturing and third-party agencies who offer random inspections, testing, and certification services for quality control, commercial modular buildings are built in strict accordance with appropriate local, state, and national regulations and codes. Due to the need to transport modules to the final site, each module must be built to independently withstand travel and installation requirements. Thus the final module-to-module assembly of independently durable components can yield a final product that is more durable than site-built structures. Modular buildings often use Pannelli Insulati Strutturali (SIPs) in construction, which offer a range of advantages over traditional building materials. SIPs panels are a light yet durable combination of panel board and either closed-cell polyurethane (PU) or expanded polistirene (EPS) insulating foam. They are air-tight, and as such provide excellent thermal performance. They also offer superior damp and cold resistance when compared to timber and other materials, and are immune to both compression shrinking and cold bridging.9 Modular units may also be designed to fit in with external aesthetics of any existing building and modular units once assembled can be virtually indistinguishable from a site-built structure.
Kwalità tal-Arja Mtejba – Many of the indoor air quality issues identified in new construction result from high moisture levels in the framing materials.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa Because the modular structure is substantially completed in a factory-controlled setting using dry materials, the potential for high levels of moisture being trapped in the new construction is eliminated.
Bini modulari jista' wkoll jikkontribwixxi għar-rekwiżiti LEED fi kwalunkwe sit ta' kategorija-kostruzzjoni mibni tista', u tista' saħansitra tipprovdi vantaġġ fl-oqsma ta' Siti Sostenibbli, Enerġija u Atmosfera, Materjali u Riżorsi, u Kwalità Ambjentali ta' ġewwa.10 Modular construction can also provide an advantage in similar categories in the International Green Construction Code.
Żvantaġġi
Volumetriku: It-trasport tas-sezzjonijiet tal-bini modulari kompluti jieħu ħafna spazju.11
Flessibilità: Minħabba r-restrizzjonijiet tat-trasport u xi drabi tal-manifattura, id-daqs tal-modulu jista 'jkun limitat, li jaffettwa d-daqsijiet tal-kamra.12
Xi istituzzjonijiet finanzjarji jistgħu joqogħdu lura milli joffru self għal dar modulari.13
Aċċettazzjoni tas-suq
Xi xerrejja ta' djar u xi istituzzjonijiet ta' self jirreżistu konsiderazzjoni ta' djar modulari bħala ekwivalenti fil-valur għal djar mibnija fuq is-sit-.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa While the homes themselves may be of equivalent quality, entrenched zoning regulations and psychological marketplace factors may create hurdles for buyers or builders of modular homes and should be considered as part of the decision-making process when exploring this type of home as a living and/or investment option. In the UK and Australia, modular homes have become accepted in some regional areas; however, they are not commonly built in major cities. Modular homes are becoming increasingly common in Japanese urban areas, due to improvements in design and quality, speed and compactness of onsite assembly, as well as due to lowering costs and ease of repair after earthquakes. Recent innovations allow modular buildings to be indistinguishable from site-built structures.14 Surveys have shown that individuals can rarely tell the difference between a modular home and a site-built home.15
Djar modulari vs djar mobblieditja
Id-differenzi jinkludu l-kodiċi tal-bini li jirregolaw il-kostruzzjoni, it-tipi ta 'materjal użat u kif huma evalwati mill-banek għal skopijiet ta' self. Djar modulari huma mibnija jew għal kodiċi tal-bini lokali jew statali għall-kuntrarju ta 'djar manifatturati, li huma wkoll mibnija f'fabbrika iżda huma rregolati minn kodiċi federali tal-bini.16 The codes that govern the construction of modular homes are exactly the same codes that govern the construction of site-constructed homes.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa In the United States, all modular homes are constructed according to the Kodiċi Internazzjonali tal-Bini (IBC), IRC, BOCA or the code that has been adopted by the local jurisdiction.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa In some states, such as California, mobile homes must still be registered yearly, like vehicles or standard trailers, with the Department of Motor Vehicles or other state agency. This is true even if the owners remove the axles and place it on a permanent foundation.17
Ir-rikonoxximent ta' dar mobbli jew manifatturataeditja
Dar mobbli għandu jkollha tikketta żgħira tal-metall fuq barra ta 'kull sezzjoni. Jekk ma tistax issib tikketta, għandek tkun tista 'ssib dettalji dwar id-dar fil-kaxxa tal-pannelli elettriċi. Din it-tikketta għandha tiżvela wkoll data tal-manifattura.18 Modular homes do not have metal tags on the outside but will have a dataplate installed inside the home, usually under the kitchen sink or in a closet. The dataplate will provide information such as the manufacturer, third party inspection agency, appliance information, and manufacture date.
Materjali
Il-materjali użati fid-djar modulari huma tipikament l-istess bħal djar mibnija fuq is-sit. L-art, il-ħitan u s-saqaf tal-qafas tal-injam-spiss jintużaw. Xi djar modulari jinkludu briks jew ġebel ta 'barra, counters tal-granit u soqfa bil-wieqfa. Modulari jistgħu jiġu ddisinjati biex joqogħdu fuq pedament perimetru jew kantina. B'kuntrast, id-djar mobbli huma mibnija b'chassis tal-azzar li huwa integrali għall-integrità tas-sistema tal-art. Bini modulari jista 'jinbena apposta għall-ispeċifikazzjonijiet tal-klijent. Id-disinji attwali jinkludu unitajiet b'ħafna-storja, unitajiet b'ħafna-familja u kumplessi ta' appartamenti sħaħ. L-isterjotip negattiv komunement assoċjat ma' djar mobbli wassal lil xi manifatturi biex jibdew jużaw it-terminu "kostruzzjoni barra-is-sit."
New modular offerings include other construction methods such as cross-injam laminat frames.19
Finanzjament
Djar mobbli often require special lenders.
Djar modulari on the other hand are financed as site built homes with a construction loan
Standards u konsiderazzjonijiet ta' żoni
Tipikament, residenzi modulari jinbnew skont il-kodiċi lokali, tal-istat jew tal-kunsill, u dan jirriżulta f'abitazzjonijiet minn faċilità ta' manifattura partikolari li jkollhom standards ta' kostruzzjoni differenti skont id-destinazzjoni finali tal-moduli.21 The most important zones that manufacturers have to take into consideration are local wind, heat, and snow load zones.22 For example, homes built for final assembly in a hurricane-prone, earthquake or flooding area may include additional bracing to meet local building codes. Steel and/or wood framing are common options for building a modular home.
Some US courts have ruled that tqassim f’żoni restrictions applicable to mobile homes do not apply to modular homes since modular homes are designed to have a permanent foundation.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa Additionally, in the US, valuation differences between modular homes and site-built homes are often negligible in stima ta' proprjetà immobbli practice; modular homes can, in some market areas, (depending on local appraisal practices per Standards Uniformi ta' Prattika ta' Stima Professjonali) be evaluated the same way as site-built dwellings of similar quality. In Australia, manufactured home parks are governed by additional legislation that does not apply to permanent modular homes. Possible developments in equivalence between modular and site-built housing types for the purposes of stimi ta' proprjetà immobbli, il-finanzjament u t-tqassim f'żoni jistgħu jżidu l-bejgħ ta 'djar modulari maż-żmien.23
F'Wales (Renju Unit), negozjant awtorizza t-tqegħid ta' 6 mini djar modulari msejħa "Pods" għal persuni bla dar fuq proprjetà privata.24
Saħħa tal-binieditja
Modular homes are designed to be stronger than traditional homes by, for example, replacing nails with screws, adding glue to joints, and using 8–10 percent more lumber than conventional housing.25 This is to help the modules maintain their structural integrity as they are transported on trucks to the construction site. However, there are few studies on the response of modular buildings to transport and handling stresses. It is therefore presently difficult to predict transport induced damage.1
When FEMA studied the destruction wrought by Uragan Andrew in Dade County Florida, they concluded that modular and ġebel homes fared best compared to other construction.26
marka CEeditja
The marka CE is a construction norm that guarantees the user of mechanical resistance and strength of the structure. It is a label given by komunità Ewropea empowered authorities for end-to-end process mastering and traceability.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
L-operazzjonijiet kollha tal-manifattura qed jiġu mmonitorjati u rreġistrati:
Il-fornituri għandhom ikunu magħrufa u ċċertifikati,
Il-materja prima u l-oġġetti li qed jinxtraw għandhom jiġu rreġistrati skont il-lott użat,
Il-prodotti elementari jiġu rreġistrati u l-kwalità tagħhom tiġi mmonitorjata,
Il-kwalità tal-assemblaġġ hija ġestita u vvalutata fuq bażi pass pass,
Meta unità modulari tkun lesta, isiru sett sħiħ ta 'testijiet u jekk jintlaħqu l-istandards ta' kwalità, numru uniku u timbru KE jitwaħħlu ma 'u fuq l-unità.
This ID and all the details are recorded in a database, Fi kwalunkwe ħin, il-produttur irid ikun jista 'jwieġeb u jipprovdi l-informazzjoni kollha minn kull pass tal-produzzjoni ta' unità waħda, Iċ-ċertifikazzjoni tal-KE tiggarantixxi standards f'termini ta 'durabilità, reżistenza kontra r-riħ u terremoti.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Uċuħ u finiturieditja
Modular buildings can be assembled on top of multiple foundation surfaces, such as a crawl space, stilts (for areas that are prone to flooding), full kantini or standard slab at grade. They can also be built to multi-story heights. Motels and other multi-family structures have been built using modular construction techniques. The height to which a modular structure can be built depends on jurisdiction, but a number of countries, especially in Asia, allow them to be built to 24 floors or more.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
L-uċuħ tal-ħitan ta 'barra jistgħu jiġu ffinalizzati fil-proċess tal-produzzjoni tal-pjanti jew fil-każ ta' fuljetti tal-briks/ġebel, l-applikazzjonijiet fuq il-post jistgħu jkunu l-għażla tal-bennejja. Is-sistemi tas-saqaf jistgħu wkoll jiġu applikati fil-qasam wara li titlesta l-installazzjoni bażika.
Differenzi reġjonali tal-Istati Uniti b'kostruzzjoni modularieditja
It-temp, id-densità tal-popolazzjoni, id-distanzi ġeografiċi, u l-arkitettura tad-djar lokali għandhom rwol fl-użu ta 'kostruzzjoni modulari għall-bini tad-dar. Minħabba li l-kostruzzjoni modulari hija tant adattabbli, bdiet tinfirex f'kull reġjun tal-Istati Unitiċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Grigaleditja
The northeast is populated with factories that can combine modular housing design with other construction methods such as panelization and SIPs. Djar modulari huma tipikament trattati bħal djar tradizzjonali, għalhekk għandhom l-istess liġijiet ta' tqassim f'żoni bħal dar mibnija b'stick-. Dan il-proċess huwa differenti minn dak ta 'djar manifatturati, li għandhom tendenza li jkollhom rekwiżiti aktar stretti fis-seħħ.27 Regional differences exist in the use of modular, panelized, and precut construction methods. Of the U.S. Census Bureau's four national subregions, the Northeast has the highest percentage of single-family homes constructed offsite exclusive of manufactured homes, with 7 percent of new homes being modular and 3 percent of homes built with panelized sections or precut materials in 2018.28Il-moduli huma tipikament limitati għal 16' wisa 'u sa 70' tul minħabba l-istruttura dejqa tat-triq u żoni densament popolati tar-reġjun.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa Other limitations are placed on transportation to locations such as Connecticut, Cape Cod, and Long Island.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Nofs-Atlantikueditja
Ir-reġjun Nofs-Atlantiku huwa simili għall-Grigal, f'termini ta 'disinn tal-bini u restrizzjoni tat-trasport għal moduli għal wisa' ta 'mhux aktar minn 16'.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Xlokkeditja
Il-manifatturi fix-Xlokk ħafna drabi jillimitaw il-kapaċità tagħhom li jippersonalizzaw id-djar u jiffokaw fuq pjanijiet ta 'art ta' storja waħda tradizzjonali ħafna.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa Much of the south is in coastal and high wind areas; modular construction may prove appealing in this area as it is already inherently stronger as it must be built for transport and craned installation, therefore offering wind resistance as good or higher than site-built construction.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Pjanuri Ċentralieditja
L-istati tal-pjanuri ċentrali tipikament huma magħmula minn komunitajiet tal-biedja u rurali. Djar Ranch huma l-pedament tar-reġjun. Suxxettibbli għal maltempati qawwija u kundizzjonijiet ta 'tornado, il-kostruzzjoni modulari toffri l-abbiltà li tiflaħ aħjar dawn ix-xejriet ta' maltemp mill-kontroparti mibnija fuq is-sit tagħha.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa The inter-module attachments that must be made when assembling a modular home on a foundation offer an inherently stronger home than site built construction can offer.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa Interior finishes on both the walls and ceilings are typically textured. Corners on interior walls are typically rounded and finish trim around windows is optional. Because of the wider road and lower population density, modules can be as wide as 20' and as long as 90'. The ability to provide larger modules reduces the amount of modules needed to complete a home.
Rockieseditja
Id-disinn tad-dar f'dan il-qasam ivarja minn djar stil Chalet sa djar stil kabina log. Il-manifatturi fir-reġjun għalhekk jipprovdu numru ta 'stili ta' djar. Il-kapaċità tvarja minn fabbrika għal oħra kif ukoll il-kapaċità li tagħmel customization kompluta tal-pjani tal-art. It-trasport huwa limitat l-aktar għal moduli wiesgħa ta '16' biex jivvjaġġaw it-toroq taż-żona.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Kosta tal-Punenteditja
L-għoli tal-ħajja fiż-żoni kostali, u speċjalment California, jista 'jipprovdi kostruzzjoni modulari vantaġġ minħabba l-ispiża aktar baxxa tagħha.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa Extreme building regulation and environmental requirements can delay the start of residential construction.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa Several factories specialize in environmentally responsible construction by following green construction standards and offering zero energy homes.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Li tgħix f'żoni kostali tfisser ukoll li l-istruttura tad-dar modulari għandha tkun b'saħħitha biżżejjed biex tiflaħ ir-riħ b'veloċità għolja. Djar modulari, mibnija b'mod korrett, għandhom tali tip ta 'reżistenza biex joqgħodu veloċità għolja tar-riħ mingħajr ebda kwistjoni ta' ħsara.ċitazzjoni meħtieġa
Bini modulari miftuħeditja
The term Modularity can be perceived in different ways. It can even be extended to building P2P (peer-to-peer) applications; where a tailored use of the P2P technology is with the aid of a modular paradigm. Here well-understood components with clean interfaces can be combined to implement arbitrarily complex functions in the hopes of further proliferating self-organising P2P technology. Open modular buildings are an excellent example of this. Modular building can also be sors miftuħ and green. Bauwens, Kostakis and Pazaitis29 elaborate on this kind of modularity. They link modularity to the construction of houses.
Din l-attività bbażata fuq il-komuni-hija mmirata lejn il-modularità. Il-kostruzzjoni ta 'bini modulari tippermetti lil komunità taqsam disinji u għodod relatati mal-partijiet differenti kollha tal-kostruzzjoni tad-djar. Sforz orjentat soċjalment-li jittratta l-arkitettura esterna tal-bini u d-dinamika interna ta' open source commons. B’hekk in-nies jingħataw l-għodda biex jerġgħu jikkonfiguraw l-isfera pubblika fiż-żona fejn jgħixu, speċjalment f’ambjenti urbani. Hemm element ta' soċjalizzazzjoni robust li jfakkar fl-arkitettura vernakulari pre-industrijali u l-bini bbażat fuq il--komunità.30
Xi organizzazzjonijiet diġà jipprovdu akkomodazzjoni modulari. Organizzazzjonijiet bħal dawn huma rilevanti peress li jippermettu l-qsim onlajn ta' pjanijiet u għodod ta' kostruzzjoni. Dawn il-pjanijiet jistgħu mbagħad jiġu mmuntati, jew permezz ta' fabbrikazzjoni diġitali bħall-istampar 3D jew saħansitra akkwist ta' materjali bi prezz baxx-mill-komunitajiet lokali. Ġie nnotat li meta wieħed iqis kemm huwa faċli li tuża dawn il--materjali bi prezz baxx (pereżempju: plywood), jista’ jgħin biex tiżdied il-permeazzjoni ta’ dan il-bini miftuħ għal żoni jew komunitajiet li m’għandhomx l-għarfien{{3 }}kif jew abbiltajiet ta' ditti konvenzjonali tal-arkitettura jew tal-kostruzzjoni. Ergo, tippermetti mod fundamentalment aktar standardizzat ta 'bini ta' djar u bini. L-idea ġenerali warajha tibqa' ewlenija - biex tippermetti aċċess faċli għal layouts-faċli għall-utent li kulħadd jista' juża biex jibni b'mod aktar sostenibbli u affordabbli.
Modularità f'dan is-sens hija bini ta 'dar minn partijiet standardizzati differenti, bħas-soluzzjoni ta' jigsaw puzzle.
Stampar 3D can be used to build the house.
The main standard is OpenStructures and its derivative Awtarkitektura.31
Swieq ewlenineditja
Bini modulari permanenti jista' jiġi utilizzat fi kwalunkwe applikazzjoni fejn tintuża kostruzzjoni mibnijin b'stick-. Is-swieq primarji moqdija huma l-edukazzjoni K-12, akkomodazzjoni għall-istudenti tal-edukazzjoni għolja, spazju għall-uffiċċji u amministrattivi, bejgħ bl-imnut u ospitalità, kura tas-saħħa, u faċilitajiet iffinanzjati pubblikament.
Riċerka u żviluppeditja
Il-kostruzzjoni modulari hija s-suġġett ta 'riċerka u żvilupp kontinwi madwar id-dinja peress li t-teknoloġija hija applikata għal bini ogħla u ogħla. Ir-riċerka u l-iżvilupp huma mwettqa minn kumpaniji tal-bini modulari u wkoll istituti ta 'riċerka bħall-Istitut tal-Bini Modulari32 and the Steel Construction Institute,.33